This PR introduces a check mechanism to `plaster` that will allow it by
default to just reapply patches when that's needed. This is being done
with a simple approach:
* Check if the `.patchinfo` timestamp older than the plaster file,
patch, or upstream source.
* If `.patchinfo` is newer than any of these, we go on to check if the
checksums are matching with what is in the `.patchinfo`.
* If any of the checksum chcks fail, we reapply the patch.
This is very lightweight, and will make most of the uses of `apply`
reliable for reruns while working on a feature.
Resolves https://github.com/brave/brave-browser/issues/45057