diff --git a/ee/server/service/scep_proxy.go b/ee/server/service/scep_proxy.go
index 21cd67ea57..7445e739f1 100644
--- a/ee/server/service/scep_proxy.go
+++ b/ee/server/service/scep_proxy.go
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import (
 	"net/http"
 	"net/url"
 	"regexp"
+	"strconv"
 	"strings"
 	"time"
 
@@ -39,6 +40,81 @@ const (
 	SmallstepChallengeInvalidAfter = 4 * time.Minute
 )
 
+// scepCertificateRequest abstracts the common operations needed for SCEP certificate
+// requests across different platforms (Apple, Windows, Android).
+type scepCertificateRequest interface {
+	// GetStatus returns the delivery status of the certificate request.
+	// Returns empty string if status is not set.
+	GetStatus() fleet.MDMDeliveryStatus
+	// GetChallengeRetrievedAt returns when the challenge was retrieved (for expiration checks).
+	GetChallengeRetrievedAt() *time.Time
+	// GetCAType returns the certificate authority type (NDES, Smallstep, CustomSCEPProxy).
+	GetCAType() fleet.CAConfigAssetType
+	// GetCAName returns the name of the certificate authority.
+	GetCAName() string
+	// GetProfileUUID returns the profile/template UUID.
+	GetProfileUUID() string
+}
+
+// hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter adapts HostMDMCertificateProfile to scepCertificateRequest.
+type hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter struct {
+	profile *fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile
+}
+
+func (a *hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter) GetStatus() fleet.MDMDeliveryStatus {
+	if a.profile.Status == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return *a.profile.Status
+}
+
+func (a *hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter) GetChallengeRetrievedAt() *time.Time {
+	return a.profile.ChallengeRetrievedAt
+}
+
+func (a *hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter) GetCAType() fleet.CAConfigAssetType {
+	return a.profile.Type
+}
+
+func (a *hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter) GetCAName() string {
+	return a.profile.CAName
+}
+
+func (a *hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter) GetProfileUUID() string {
+	return a.profile.ProfileUUID
+}
+
+// certificateTemplateForHostAdapter adapts CertificateTemplateForHost to scepCertificateRequest.
+type certificateTemplateForHostAdapter struct {
+	template    *fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost
+	profileUUID string
+}
+
+func (a *certificateTemplateForHostAdapter) GetStatus() fleet.MDMDeliveryStatus {
+	if a.template.Status == nil {
+		return ""
+	}
+	return *a.template.Status
+}
+
+func (a *certificateTemplateForHostAdapter) GetChallengeRetrievedAt() *time.Time {
+	// Android certificate templates don't track challenge retrieval time;
+	// they use one-time fleet challenges validated via ConsumeChallenge.
+	return nil
+}
+
+func (a *certificateTemplateForHostAdapter) GetCAType() fleet.CAConfigAssetType {
+	return a.template.CAType
+}
+
+func (a *certificateTemplateForHostAdapter) GetCAName() string {
+	return a.template.CAName
+}
+
+func (a *certificateTemplateForHostAdapter) GetProfileUUID() string {
+	return a.profileUUID
+}
+
 type scepProxyService struct {
 	ds fleet.Datastore
 	// info logging is implemented in the service middleware layer.
@@ -145,33 +221,69 @@ func (svc *scepProxyService) validateIdentifier(ctx context.Context, identifier
 	if len(parsedIDs) > 3 {
 		fleetChallenge = parsedIDs[3]
 	}
+
 	if !strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMAppleProfileUUIDPrefix) &&
-		!strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMWindowsProfileUUIDPrefix) {
-		return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("invalid profile UUID (only Apple and Windows config profiles are supported): %s",
+		!strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMWindowsProfileUUIDPrefix) &&
+		!strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMAndroidProfileUUIDPrefix) {
+		return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("invalid profile UUID (only Apple, Windows, and Android config profiles are supported): %s",
 			profileUUID)}
 	}
 
-	var profile *fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile
-	if strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMAppleProfileUUIDPrefix) {
-		profile, err = svc.ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfile(ctx, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName)
-	} else if strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMWindowsProfileUUIDPrefix) {
-		profile, err = svc.ds.GetWindowsHostMDMCertificateProfile(ctx, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName)
-	}
-	if err != nil {
-		return "", ctxerr.Wrap(ctx, err, "getting host MDM profile")
+	var certReq scepCertificateRequest
+
+	switch {
+	case strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMAppleProfileUUIDPrefix):
+		profile, err := svc.ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfile(ctx, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", ctxerr.Wrap(ctx, err, "getting host MDM profile")
+		}
+		if profile != nil {
+			certReq = &hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter{profile: profile}
+		}
+
+	case strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMWindowsProfileUUIDPrefix):
+		profile, err := svc.ds.GetWindowsHostMDMCertificateProfile(ctx, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", ctxerr.Wrap(ctx, err, "getting host MDM profile")
+		}
+		if profile != nil {
+			certReq = &hostMDMCertificateProfileAdapter{profile: profile}
+		}
+
+	case strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMAndroidProfileUUIDPrefix):
+		// Android identifier format: {hostUUID},g{certificateTemplateID},{caType},{challenge}
+		// Parse the certificate template ID from the profileUUID (e.g., "g123" -> 123)
+		certTemplateIDStr := strings.TrimPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMAndroidProfileUUIDPrefix)
+		certTemplateID, err := strconv.ParseUint(certTemplateIDStr, 10, 32)
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: fmt.Sprintf("invalid Android certificate template ID: %s", certTemplateIDStr)}
+		}
+
+		template, err := svc.ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx, hostUUID, uint(certTemplateID))
+		if err != nil {
+			return "", ctxerr.Wrap(ctx, err, "getting Android certificate template")
+		}
+		certReq = &certificateTemplateForHostAdapter{
+			template:    template,
+			profileUUID: profileUUID,
+		}
+		// Use the fleet challenge from the template if not provided in the identifier
+		if fleetChallenge == "" && template.FleetChallenge != nil {
+			fleetChallenge = *template.FleetChallenge
+		}
 	}
 
-	if profile == nil {
+	if certReq == nil {
 		// Return error that implements kithttp.StatusCoder interface
 		return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: "unknown identifier in URL path"}
 	}
 	// We skip windows profiles for this check here as they instantly go to verifying when sent out, might change for windows renewal.
-	if (profile.Status == nil || *profile.Status != fleet.MDMDeliveryPending) && !strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMWindowsProfileUUIDPrefix) {
+	if certReq.GetStatus() != fleet.MDMDeliveryPending && !strings.HasPrefix(profileUUID, fleet.MDMWindowsProfileUUIDPrefix) {
 		// This could happen if Fleet DB was updated before the profile was updated on the host.
 		// We expect another certificate request from the host once the profile is updated.
-		status := "null"
-		if profile.Status != nil {
-			status = string(*profile.Status)
+		status := certReq.GetStatus()
+		if status == "" {
+			status = "null"
 		}
 		// FIXME: MDM client will report a failed status for the profile when we return bad request, which consumes the sole retry attempt.
 		// Seems like we should proactively use ResendHostCertificateProfile here too?
@@ -180,17 +292,18 @@ func (svc *scepProxyService) validateIdentifier(ctx context.Context, identifier
 	}
 	var scepURL string
 
-	switch profile.Type {
+	switch certReq.GetCAType() {
 	case fleet.CAConfigNDES:
 		if groupedCAs.NDESSCEP == nil {
 			// Return error that implements kithttp.StatusCoder interface
 			return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured}
 		}
-		if checkChallenge && profile.ChallengeRetrievedAt != nil && profile.ChallengeRetrievedAt.Add(NDESChallengeInvalidAfter).Before(time.Now()) {
+		challengeRetrievedAt := certReq.GetChallengeRetrievedAt()
+		if checkChallenge && challengeRetrievedAt != nil && challengeRetrievedAt.Add(NDESChallengeInvalidAfter).Before(time.Now()) {
 			// The challenge password was retrieved for this profile, and is now invalid.
 			// We need to resend the profile with a new challenge password.
 			// Note: we don't actually know if it is invalid, and we can't get that exact feedback from SCEP server.
-			if err = svc.ds.ResendHostMDMProfile(ctx, hostUUID, profileUUID); err != nil {
+			if err := svc.ds.ResendHostMDMProfile(ctx, hostUUID, profileUUID); err != nil {
 				return "", ctxerr.Wrap(ctx, err, "resending host mdm profile")
 			}
 			return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: "challenge password has expired"}
@@ -202,18 +315,19 @@ func (svc *scepProxyService) validateIdentifier(ctx context.Context, identifier
 			return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured}
 		}
 		for _, ca := range groupedCAs.Smallstep {
-			if ca.Name == profile.CAName {
+			if ca.Name == certReq.GetCAName() {
 				scepURL = ca.URL
 				break
 			}
 		}
 
 		// FIXME: See comment in datastore method regarding how we resend profiles with dynamic content
-		if checkChallenge && profile.ChallengeRetrievedAt != nil && profile.ChallengeRetrievedAt.Add(SmallstepChallengeInvalidAfter).Before(time.Now()) {
+		challengeRetrievedAt := certReq.GetChallengeRetrievedAt()
+		if checkChallenge && challengeRetrievedAt != nil && challengeRetrievedAt.Add(SmallstepChallengeInvalidAfter).Before(time.Now()) {
 			// The challenge password was retrieved for this profile, and is now invalid.
 			// We need to resend the profile with a new challenge password.
 			// Note: we don't actually know if it is invalid, and we can't get that exact feedback from SCEP server.
-			if err = svc.ds.ResendHostCertificateProfile(ctx, hostUUID, profileUUID); err != nil {
+			if err := svc.ds.ResendHostCertificateProfile(ctx, hostUUID, profileUUID); err != nil {
 				return "", ctxerr.Wrap(ctx, err, "resending host mdm profile")
 			}
 			return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: "challenge password has expired"}
@@ -224,13 +338,13 @@ func (svc *scepProxyService) validateIdentifier(ctx context.Context, identifier
 			return "", &scepserver.BadRequestError{Message: MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured}
 		}
 		for _, ca := range groupedCAs.CustomScepProxy {
-			if ca.Name == profile.CAName {
+			if ca.Name == certReq.GetCAName() {
 				scepURL = ca.URL
 				break
 			}
 		}
 
-		if strings.HasPrefix(profile.ProfileUUID, fleet.MDMWindowsProfileUUIDPrefix) {
+		if strings.HasPrefix(certReq.GetProfileUUID(), fleet.MDMWindowsProfileUUIDPrefix) {
 			// TODO: Early return for Windows profiles as they do not support resending yet.
 			return scepURL, nil
 		}
diff --git a/ee/server/service/scep_proxy_test.go b/ee/server/service/scep_proxy_test.go
index f19705fd31..eaf2ce9b3b 100644
--- a/ee/server/service/scep_proxy_test.go
+++ b/ee/server/service/scep_proxy_test.go
@@ -2,14 +2,18 @@ package service
 
 import (
 	"context"
+	"database/sql"
 	"encoding/binary"
+	"errors"
 	"net/http"
 	"net/http/httptest"
+	"net/url"
 	"os"
 	"testing"
 	"time"
 
 	"github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4/server/fleet"
+	"github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4/server/mock"
 	"github.com/fleetdm/fleet/v4/server/ptr"
 	kitlog "github.com/go-kit/log"
 	"github.com/stretchr/testify/assert"
@@ -113,3 +117,928 @@ func TestValidateSCEPURL(t *testing.T) {
 	err = svc.ValidateSCEPURL(context.Background(), proxy.URL)
 	assert.ErrorContains(t, err, "could not retrieve CA certificate")
 }
+
+func TestValidateIdentifier(t *testing.T) {
+	t.Parallel()
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+	logger := kitlog.NewNopLogger()
+
+	// Helper to create a scepProxyService with a mock datastore
+	newTestService := func(ds *mock.DataStore) *scepProxyService {
+		return &scepProxyService{
+			ds:          ds,
+			debugLogger: logger,
+			Timeout:     ptr.Duration(30 * time.Second),
+		}
+	}
+
+	// Helper to create a valid identifier
+	makeIdentifier := func(hostUUID, profileUUID, caName, challenge string) string {
+		id := hostUUID + "," + profileUUID
+		if caName != "" {
+			id += "," + caName
+		}
+		if challenge != "" {
+			id += "," + challenge
+		}
+		return url.PathEscape(id)
+	}
+
+	t.Run("identifier parsing errors", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		testCases := []struct {
+			name       string
+			identifier string
+			errMsg     string
+		}{
+			{
+				name:       "empty identifier",
+				identifier: "",
+				errMsg:     "invalid identifier in URL path",
+			},
+			{
+				name:       "single element",
+				identifier: "host-uuid-only",
+				errMsg:     "invalid identifier in URL path",
+			},
+			{
+				name:       "empty host UUID",
+				identifier: makeIdentifier("", "a-profile-uuid", "", ""),
+				errMsg:     "invalid identifier in URL path",
+			},
+			{
+				name:       "empty profile UUID",
+				identifier: makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "", "", ""),
+				errMsg:     "invalid identifier in URL path",
+			},
+		}
+
+		for _, tc := range testCases {
+			t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+				_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, tc.identifier, false)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+				assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), tc.errMsg)
+			})
+		}
+	})
+
+	t.Run("invalid profile UUID prefix", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		// Profile UUID must start with "a" (Apple) or "w" (Windows)
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "invalid-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid profile UUID")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("profile not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{}, nil
+		}
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return nil, nil // Profile not found
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "unknown identifier in URL path")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("profile status not pending for Apple profile", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				NDESSCEP: &fleet.NDESSCEPProxyCA{URL: "https://ndes.example.com/scep"},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		verifiedStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryVerified
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &verifiedStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigNDES,
+				CAName:      caName,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "profile status (verified) is not 'pending'")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Windows profile skips status check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "test-ca", URL: "https://scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		verifiedStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryVerified
+		ds.GetWindowsHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &verifiedStatus, // Not pending, but should pass for Windows
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:      "test-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		// Windows profiles skip status check
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "w-profile-uuid", "test-ca", "")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://scep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NDES CA not configured", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				NDESSCEP: nil, // NDES not configured
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigNDES,
+				CAName:      "NDES",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NDES valid request without challenge check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				NDESSCEP: &fleet.NDESSCEPProxyCA{URL: "https://ndes.example.com/scep"},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigNDES,
+				CAName:      "NDES",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://ndes.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NDES challenge expired triggers requeue", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				NDESSCEP: &fleet.NDESSCEPProxyCA{URL: "https://ndes.example.com/scep"},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		expiredTime := time.Now().Add(-58 * time.Minute) // Expired (>57 minutes)
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:             hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID:          profileUUID,
+				Status:               &pendingStatus,
+				Type:                 fleet.CAConfigNDES,
+				CAName:               "NDES",
+				ChallengeRetrievedAt: &expiredTime,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		ds.ResendHostMDMProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID string) error {
+			assert.Equal(t, "host-uuid", hostUUID)
+			assert.Equal(t, "a-profile-uuid", profileUUID)
+			return nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true) // checkChallenge=true
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "challenge password has expired")
+		assert.True(t, ds.ResendHostMDMProfileFuncInvoked)
+		ds.ResendHostMDMProfileFuncInvoked = false
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NDES challenge not expired", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				NDESSCEP: &fleet.NDESSCEPProxyCA{URL: "https://ndes.example.com/scep"},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		recentTime := time.Now().Add(-30 * time.Minute) // Not expired (<57 minutes)
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:             hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID:          profileUUID,
+				Status:               &pendingStatus,
+				Type:                 fleet.CAConfigNDES,
+				CAName:               "NDES",
+				ChallengeRetrievedAt: &recentTime,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://ndes.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Smallstep CA not configured", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				Smallstep: []fleet.SmallstepSCEPProxyCA{}, // Empty
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigSmallstep,
+				CAName:      "my-smallstep",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-smallstep", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Smallstep valid request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				Smallstep: []fleet.SmallstepSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "my-smallstep", URL: "https://smallstep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigSmallstep,
+				CAName:      "my-smallstep",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-smallstep", "")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://smallstep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Smallstep challenge expired triggers requeue", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				Smallstep: []fleet.SmallstepSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "my-smallstep", URL: "https://smallstep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		expiredTime := time.Now().Add(-5 * time.Minute) // Expired (>4 minutes)
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:             hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID:          profileUUID,
+				Status:               &pendingStatus,
+				Type:                 fleet.CAConfigSmallstep,
+				CAName:               "my-smallstep",
+				ChallengeRetrievedAt: &expiredTime,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID string) error {
+			assert.Equal(t, "host-uuid", hostUUID)
+			assert.Equal(t, "a-profile-uuid", profileUUID)
+			return nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-smallstep", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "challenge password has expired")
+		assert.True(t, ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFuncInvoked)
+		ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFuncInvoked = false
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Smallstep challenge not expired", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				Smallstep: []fleet.SmallstepSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "my-smallstep", URL: "https://smallstep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		recentTime := time.Now().Add(-2 * time.Minute) // Not expired (<4 minutes)
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:             hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID:          profileUUID,
+				Status:               &pendingStatus,
+				Type:                 fleet.CAConfigSmallstep,
+				CAName:               "my-smallstep",
+				ChallengeRetrievedAt: &recentTime,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-smallstep", "")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://smallstep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Custom SCEP CA not configured", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{}, // Empty
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:      "my-custom-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-custom-ca", "test-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Custom SCEP valid request without challenge check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "my-custom-ca", URL: "https://custom-scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:      "my-custom-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-custom-ca", "test-challenge")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://custom-scep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Custom SCEP valid challenge consumption", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "my-custom-ca", URL: "https://custom-scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:      "my-custom-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFunc = func(ctx context.Context, challenge string) error {
+			assert.Equal(t, "valid-challenge", challenge)
+			return nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-custom-ca", "valid-challenge")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://custom-scep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+		assert.True(t, ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked)
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked = false
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Custom SCEP invalid challenge triggers requeue", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "my-custom-ca", URL: "https://custom-scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:      "my-custom-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFunc = func(ctx context.Context, challenge string) error {
+			return sql.ErrNoRows // Challenge not found
+		}
+		ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID string) error {
+			assert.Equal(t, "host-uuid", hostUUID)
+			assert.Equal(t, "a-profile-uuid", profileUUID)
+			return nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-custom-ca", "invalid-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "custom scep challenge failed")
+		assert.True(t, ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked)
+		assert.True(t, ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFuncInvoked)
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked = false
+		ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFuncInvoked = false
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Custom SCEP Windows profile skips challenge check", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "my-custom-ca", URL: "https://custom-scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		verifiedStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryVerified
+		ds.GetWindowsHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &verifiedStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:      "my-custom-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		// ConsumeChallenge should NOT be called for Windows profiles
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFunc = func(ctx context.Context, challenge string) error {
+			return nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "w-profile-uuid", "my-custom-ca", "test-challenge")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true) // checkChallenge=true but should be skipped
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://custom-scep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+		assert.False(t, ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked, "ConsumeChallenge should not be called for Windows profiles")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("datastore error getting CAs", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return nil, errors.New("database connection failed")
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "getting grouped certificate authorities")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("datastore error getting profile", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{}, nil
+		}
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return nil, errors.New("database query failed")
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "getting host MDM profile")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("NDES resend error still returns challenge expired error", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				NDESSCEP: &fleet.NDESSCEPProxyCA{URL: "https://ndes.example.com/scep"},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		expiredTime := time.Now().Add(-58 * time.Minute)
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:             hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID:          profileUUID,
+				Status:               &pendingStatus,
+				Type:                 fleet.CAConfigNDES,
+				CAName:               "NDES",
+				ChallengeRetrievedAt: &expiredTime,
+			}, nil
+		}
+		ds.ResendHostMDMProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID string) error {
+			return errors.New("resend failed")
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "NDES", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "resending host mdm profile")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("default CA name is NDES", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				NDESSCEP: &fleet.NDESSCEPProxyCA{URL: "https://ndes.example.com/scep"},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			// Verify default CA name is "NDES"
+			assert.Equal(t, "NDES", caName)
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigNDES,
+				CAName:      "NDES",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		// Identifier with only host and profile UUID (no CA name)
+		identifier := url.PathEscape("host-uuid,a-profile-uuid")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://ndes.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Smallstep CA name mismatch returns not configured", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				Smallstep: []fleet.SmallstepSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "other-smallstep", URL: "https://other.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetAppleHostMDMCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID, caName string) (*fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile, error) {
+			return &fleet.HostMDMCertificateProfile{
+				HostUUID:    hostUUID,
+				ProfileUUID: profileUUID,
+				Status:      &pendingStatus,
+				Type:        fleet.CAConfigSmallstep,
+				CAName:      "my-smallstep", // Different from configured
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "a-profile-uuid", "my-smallstep", "")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android request", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "android-ca", URL: "https://scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			assert.Equal(t, "host-uuid", hostUUID)
+			assert.Equal(t, uint(1), certificateTemplateID)
+			return &fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost{
+				HostUUID:              "host-uuid",
+				CertificateTemplateID: 1,
+				FleetChallenge:        ptr.String("test-challenge"),
+				Status:                &pendingStatus,
+				CAType:                fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:                "android-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+
+		// Android identifier format: {hostUUID},g{certificateTemplateID},{caType},{challenge}
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "test-challenge")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://scep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+		assert.True(t, ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFuncInvoked)
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFuncInvoked = false
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android invalid certificate template ID", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		// Invalid certificate template ID (not a number)
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "ginvalid", "custom_scep_proxy", "test-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "invalid Android certificate template ID")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android certificate template not found", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{}, nil
+		}
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			return nil, sql.ErrNoRows // Not found
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "test-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "getting Android certificate template")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android status not pending", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "android-ca", URL: "https://scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		verifiedStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryVerified
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			return &fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost{
+				HostUUID:              "host-uuid",
+				CertificateTemplateID: 1,
+				FleetChallenge:        ptr.String("test-challenge"),
+				Status:                &verifiedStatus,
+				CAType:                fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:                "android-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "test-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "profile status (verified) is not 'pending'")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android CA not configured", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{}, // Empty - no CAs configured
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			return &fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost{
+				HostUUID:              "host-uuid",
+				CertificateTemplateID: 1,
+				FleetChallenge:        ptr.String("test-challenge"),
+				Status:                &pendingStatus,
+				CAType:                fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:                "android-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "test-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android CA name mismatch", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "other-ca", URL: "https://other.example.com/scep"}, // Different CA name
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			return &fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost{
+				HostUUID:              "host-uuid",
+				CertificateTemplateID: 1,
+				FleetChallenge:        ptr.String("test-challenge"),
+				Status:                &pendingStatus,
+				CAType:                fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:                "android-ca", // This CA is not configured
+			}, nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "test-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), MessageSCEPProxyNotConfigured)
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android with challenge validation", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "android-ca", URL: "https://scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			return &fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost{
+				HostUUID:              "host-uuid",
+				CertificateTemplateID: 1,
+				FleetChallenge:        ptr.String("valid-challenge"),
+				Status:                &pendingStatus,
+				CAType:                fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:                "android-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFunc = func(ctx context.Context, challenge string) error {
+			assert.Equal(t, "valid-challenge", challenge)
+			return nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "valid-challenge")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true) // checkChallenge=true
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://scep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+		assert.True(t, ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked)
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked = false
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android invalid challenge triggers requeue", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "android-ca", URL: "https://scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			return &fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost{
+				HostUUID:              "host-uuid",
+				CertificateTemplateID: 1,
+				FleetChallenge:        ptr.String("valid-challenge"),
+				Status:                &pendingStatus,
+				CAType:                fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:                "android-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFunc = func(ctx context.Context, challenge string) error {
+			return sql.ErrNoRows // Challenge not found/expired
+		}
+		ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID, profileUUID string) error {
+			assert.Equal(t, "host-uuid", hostUUID)
+			assert.Equal(t, "g1", profileUUID)
+			return nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "invalid-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "custom scep challenge failed")
+		assert.True(t, ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked)
+		assert.True(t, ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFuncInvoked)
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked = false
+		ds.ResendHostCertificateProfileFuncInvoked = false
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android datastore error getting templates", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{}, nil
+		}
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			return nil, errors.New("database connection failed")
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "test-challenge")
+		_, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, false)
+		require.Error(t, err)
+		assert.Contains(t, err.Error(), "getting Android certificate template")
+	})
+
+	t.Run("Android uses challenge from template when not in identifier", func(t *testing.T) {
+		ds := new(mock.DataStore)
+		ds.GetGroupedCertificateAuthoritiesFunc = func(ctx context.Context, includeSecrets bool) (*fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities, error) {
+			return &fleet.GroupedCertificateAuthorities{
+				CustomScepProxy: []fleet.CustomSCEPProxyCA{
+					{Name: "android-ca", URL: "https://scep.example.com/scep"},
+				},
+			}, nil
+		}
+		pendingStatus := fleet.MDMDeliveryPending
+		ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc = func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+			return &fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost{
+				HostUUID:              "host-uuid",
+				CertificateTemplateID: 1,
+				FleetChallenge:        ptr.String("template-challenge"), // Challenge from template
+				Status:                &pendingStatus,
+				CAType:                fleet.CAConfigCustomSCEPProxy,
+				CAName:                "android-ca",
+			}, nil
+		}
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFunc = func(ctx context.Context, challenge string) error {
+			// Should use challenge from template since not provided in identifier
+			assert.Equal(t, "template-challenge", challenge)
+			return nil
+		}
+		svc := newTestService(ds)
+
+		// No challenge in identifier - should use one from template
+		identifier := makeIdentifier("host-uuid", "g1", "custom_scep_proxy", "")
+		scepURL, err := svc.validateIdentifier(ctx, identifier, true)
+		require.NoError(t, err)
+		assert.Equal(t, "https://scep.example.com/scep", scepURL)
+		assert.True(t, ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked)
+		ds.ConsumeChallengeFuncInvoked = false
+	})
+}
diff --git a/server/datastore/mysql/certificate_templates_test.go b/server/datastore/mysql/certificate_templates_test.go
index bf8805031e..756c29759f 100644
--- a/server/datastore/mysql/certificate_templates_test.go
+++ b/server/datastore/mysql/certificate_templates_test.go
@@ -28,6 +28,7 @@ func TestCertificates(t *testing.T) {
 		{"BatchDeleteCertificateTemplates", testBatchDeleteCertificateTemplates},
 		{"GetHostCertificateTemplates", testGetHostCertificateTemplates},
 		{"GetMDMProfileSummaryFromHostCertificateTemplates", testGetMDMProfileSummaryFromHostCertificateTemplates},
+		{"GetCertificateTemplateForHost", testGetCertificateTemplateForHost},
 	}
 
 	for _, c := range cases {
@@ -1052,3 +1053,131 @@ func testGetMDMProfileSummaryFromHostCertificateTemplates(t *testing.T, ds *Data
 		})
 	}
 }
+
+func testGetCertificateTemplateForHost(t *testing.T, ds *Datastore) {
+	defer TruncateTables(t, ds)
+
+	ctx := context.Background()
+
+	// Create teams
+	team1, err := ds.NewTeam(ctx, &fleet.Team{Name: "Team 1"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	team2, err := ds.NewTeam(ctx, &fleet.Team{Name: "Team 2"})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create hosts
+	h1 := test.NewHost(t, ds, "host_1", "127.0.0.1", "1", "1", time.Now())
+	h1.TeamID = &team1.ID
+	err = ds.UpdateHost(ctx, h1)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	h2 := test.NewHost(t, ds, "host_2", "127.0.0.2", "2", "2", time.Now())
+	h2.TeamID = &team2.ID
+	err = ds.UpdateHost(ctx, h2)
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create certificate authority
+	ca, err := ds.NewCertificateAuthority(ctx, &fleet.CertificateAuthority{
+		Type:      string(fleet.CATypeCustomSCEPProxy),
+		Name:      ptr.String("Test SCEP CA"),
+		URL:       ptr.String("http://localhost:8080/scep"),
+		Challenge: ptr.String("test-challenge"),
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create certificate templates
+	ct1, err := ds.CreateCertificateTemplate(ctx, &fleet.CertificateTemplate{
+		Name:                   "Template1",
+		TeamID:                 team1.ID,
+		CertificateAuthorityID: ca.ID,
+		SubjectName:            "CN=Test Subject 1",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	ct2, err := ds.CreateCertificateTemplate(ctx, &fleet.CertificateTemplate{
+		Name:                   "Template2",
+		TeamID:                 team2.ID,
+		CertificateAuthorityID: ca.ID,
+		SubjectName:            "CN=Test Subject 2",
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	// Create host_certificate_template record for h1 with ct1
+	err = ds.BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplates(ctx, []fleet.HostCertificateTemplate{
+		{
+			HostUUID:              h1.UUID,
+			CertificateTemplateID: ct1.ID,
+			FleetChallenge:        "challenge-123",
+			Status:                fleet.MDMDeliveryPending,
+		},
+	})
+	require.NoError(t, err)
+
+	testCases := []struct {
+		name string
+		do   func(*testing.T, *Datastore)
+	}{
+		{
+			"Returns certificate template for host with host_certificate_template record",
+			func(t *testing.T, ds *Datastore) {
+				result, err := ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx, h1.UUID, ct1.ID)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotNil(t, result)
+
+				require.Equal(t, h1.UUID, result.HostUUID)
+				require.Equal(t, ct1.ID, result.CertificateTemplateID)
+				require.NotNil(t, result.FleetChallenge)
+				require.Equal(t, "challenge-123", *result.FleetChallenge)
+				require.NotNil(t, result.Status)
+				require.Equal(t, fleet.MDMDeliveryPending, *result.Status)
+				require.Equal(t, fleet.CAConfigAssetType(fleet.CATypeCustomSCEPProxy), result.CAType)
+				require.Equal(t, "Test SCEP CA", result.CAName)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"Returns certificate template for host without host_certificate_template record",
+			func(t *testing.T, ds *Datastore) {
+				// h2 is in team2 which has ct2, but no host_certificate_template record exists
+				result, err := ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx, h2.UUID, ct2.ID)
+				require.NoError(t, err)
+				require.NotNil(t, result)
+
+				require.Equal(t, h2.UUID, result.HostUUID)
+				require.Equal(t, ct2.ID, result.CertificateTemplateID)
+				require.Nil(t, result.FleetChallenge)
+				require.Nil(t, result.Status)
+				require.Equal(t, fleet.CAConfigAssetType(fleet.CATypeCustomSCEPProxy), result.CAType)
+				require.Equal(t, "Test SCEP CA", result.CAName)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"Returns error when certificate template doesn't belong to host's team",
+			func(t *testing.T, ds *Datastore) {
+				// h1 is in team1, ct2 is in team2
+				_, err := ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx, h1.UUID, ct2.ID)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"Returns error for non-existent host",
+			func(t *testing.T, ds *Datastore) {
+				_, err := ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx, "non-existent-uuid", ct1.ID)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			},
+		},
+		{
+			"Returns error for non-existent certificate template",
+			func(t *testing.T, ds *Datastore) {
+				_, err := ds.GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx, h1.UUID, 99999)
+				require.Error(t, err)
+			},
+		},
+	}
+
+	for _, tc := range testCases {
+		t.Run(tc.name, func(t *testing.T) {
+			tc.do(t, ds)
+		})
+	}
+}
diff --git a/server/datastore/mysql/host_certificate_templates.go b/server/datastore/mysql/host_certificate_templates.go
index 0aca1ad510..3ce1fa84a7 100644
--- a/server/datastore/mysql/host_certificate_templates.go
+++ b/server/datastore/mysql/host_certificate_templates.go
@@ -70,6 +70,34 @@ func (ds *Datastore) ListCertificateTemplatesForHosts(ctx context.Context, hostU
 	return results, nil
 }
 
+// GetCertificateTemplateForHost returns a certificate template for a specific host and certificate template ID
+func (ds *Datastore) GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+	const stmt = `
+		SELECT
+			hosts.uuid AS host_uuid,
+			certificate_templates.id AS certificate_template_id,
+			host_certificate_templates.fleet_challenge AS fleet_challenge,
+			host_certificate_templates.status AS status,
+			certificate_authorities.type AS ca_type,
+			certificate_authorities.name AS ca_name
+		FROM certificate_templates
+		INNER JOIN hosts ON hosts.team_id = certificate_templates.team_id
+		INNER JOIN certificate_authorities ON certificate_authorities.id = certificate_templates.certificate_authority_id
+		LEFT JOIN host_certificate_templates
+			ON host_certificate_templates.host_uuid = hosts.uuid
+			AND host_certificate_templates.certificate_template_id = certificate_templates.id
+		WHERE
+			hosts.uuid = ? AND certificate_templates.id = ?
+	`
+
+	var result fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost
+	if err := sqlx.GetContext(ctx, ds.reader(ctx), &result, stmt, hostUUID, certificateTemplateID); err != nil {
+		return nil, ctxerr.Wrap(ctx, err, "get certificate template for host")
+	}
+
+	return &result, nil
+}
+
 // BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplates inserts multiple host_certificate_templates records
 func (ds *Datastore) BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplates(ctx context.Context, hostCertTemplates []fleet.HostCertificateTemplate) error {
 	if len(hostCertTemplates) == 0 {
diff --git a/server/fleet/datastore.go b/server/fleet/datastore.go
index d7ca2f4ee4..ad56511807 100644
--- a/server/fleet/datastore.go
+++ b/server/fleet/datastore.go
@@ -2531,6 +2531,8 @@ type Datastore interface {
 	ListAndroidHostUUIDsWithDeliverableCertificateTemplates(ctx context.Context, offset int, limit int) ([]string, error)
 	// ListCertificateTemplatesForHosts returns ALL certificate templates for the given host UUIDs.
 	ListCertificateTemplatesForHosts(ctx context.Context, hostUUIDs []string) ([]CertificateTemplateForHost, error)
+	// GetCertificateTemplateForHost returns a certificate template for the given host UUID and certificate template ID.
+	GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*CertificateTemplateForHost, error)
 	// BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplates inserts multiple host_certificate_templates records.
 	BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplates(ctx context.Context, hostCertTemplates []HostCertificateTemplate) error
 
diff --git a/server/fleet/host_certificate_template.go b/server/fleet/host_certificate_template.go
index 612950b9d9..311abea0a8 100644
--- a/server/fleet/host_certificate_template.go
+++ b/server/fleet/host_certificate_template.go
@@ -35,4 +35,6 @@ type CertificateTemplateForHost struct {
 	CertificateTemplateID uint               `db:"certificate_template_id"`
 	FleetChallenge        *string            `db:"fleet_challenge"`
 	Status                *MDMDeliveryStatus `db:"status"`
+	CAType                CAConfigAssetType  `db:"ca_type"`
+	CAName                string             `db:"ca_name"`
 }
diff --git a/server/mdm/scep/SCEP.md b/server/mdm/scep/SCEP.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..88495315d2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/server/mdm/scep/SCEP.md
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+# Overview
+
+Fleet implements a SCEP proxy that sits between devices and Certificate Authorities. For Android, only Custom SCEP Proxy is supported. The proxy validates requests and forwards them to the CA.
+
+## Two Challenge Types
+
+Custom SCEP uses two different challenges:
+
+1. **Fleet Challenge** (one-time use)
+   - Generated by Fleet and stored in the database
+   - Embedded in the SCEP proxy URL identifier
+   - Validated by Fleet via `ConsumeChallenge()` during PKIOperation
+   - Prevents replay attacks and ensures request authenticity
+   - Consumed (deleted) after successful validation
+
+2. **Static Challenge** (from CA configuration)
+   - Configured in the CA settings (`certificate_authorities.challenge_encrypted`)
+   - Substituted into profile via `$FLEET_VAR_CUSTOM_SCEP_CHALLENGE_<CA_NAME>`
+   - Embedded by the device in its encrypted CSR
+   - Validated by the SCEP CA itself
+   - Same challenge used across all requests to that CA
+
+## Architecture Components
+
+1. Handler Registration (server/service/handler.go)
+
+   `RegisterSCEPProxy(...)` sets up two HTTP endpoints:
+   - GET /mdm/scep/proxy/{identifier} - For GetCACaps and GetCACert operations
+   - POST /mdm/scep/proxy/{identifier} - For PKIOperation (certificate signing)
+
+   The {identifier} is a comma-separated string: `hostUUID,profileUUID,caName,fleetChallenge`
+
+2. SCEP Operations (ee/server/service/scep_proxy.go)
+
+   - **GetCACaps**: Returns CA capabilities (SHA-256, AES, etc.). Pass-through to upstream.
+   - **GetCACert**: Returns CA certificate(s) in PKCS#7 format. Pass-through to upstream.
+   - **PKIOperation**: Certificate signing request. This is where Fleet validates the Fleet challenge before forwarding.
+
+## Flow Diagram (Custom SCEP for Android)
+
+```mermaid
+sequenceDiagram
+    participant Device
+    participant Fleet as Fleet SCEP Proxy
+    participant DB as Fleet Database
+    participant CA as Custom SCEP CA
+
+    Note over Device,CA: Step 1: Certificate Template Delivery
+    Fleet->>DB: NewChallenge() - generate Fleet challenge
+    DB-->>Fleet: Fleet challenge token (one-time use)
+    Fleet->>DB: Get Static challenge from CA config
+    DB-->>Fleet: Static challenge (from certificate_authorities table)
+    Fleet->>Device: Certificate template with:<br/>• SCEP URL containing Fleet challenge<br/>• Static challenge in profile payload
+
+    Note over Device,CA: Step 2: Device Makes SCEP Requests
+    Device->>Fleet: GET /mdm/scep/proxy/{identifier}?operation=GetCACaps<br/>(identifier contains Fleet challenge)
+    Fleet->>Fleet: Validate identifier (host, profile exist)
+    Fleet->>CA: Forward GetCACaps
+    CA-->>Fleet: CA capabilities
+    Fleet-->>Device: CA capabilities (SHA-256, AES, etc.)
+
+    Device->>Fleet: GET /mdm/scep/proxy/{identifier}?operation=GetCACert
+    Fleet->>CA: Forward GetCACert
+    CA-->>Fleet: CA certificate (PKCS#7)
+    Fleet-->>Device: CA certificate
+
+    Note over Device,CA: Step 3: Certificate Signing
+    Device->>Fleet: POST /mdm/scep/proxy/{identifier}?operation=PKIOperation<br/>(encrypted CSR containing Static challenge)
+    Fleet->>DB: ConsumeChallenge(fleetChallenge)<br/>Validates & deletes Fleet challenge
+    alt Fleet challenge valid
+        Fleet->>CA: Forward CSR (CA validates Static challenge)
+        CA-->>Fleet: Signed certificate
+        Fleet->>DB: Update status to "verifying"
+        Fleet-->>Device: Signed certificate
+    else Fleet challenge invalid/consumed
+        Note over Fleet,DB: Profile Requeue Flow
+        Fleet->>DB: ResendHostCertificateProfile()<br/>Sets status = NULL
+        Fleet-->>Device: Error: "custom scep challenge failed"
+        Note over Fleet,DB: On next cron run
+        DB-->>Fleet: Find profiles with status = NULL
+        Fleet->>DB: NewChallenge() - generate fresh Fleet challenge
+        Fleet->>Device: Re-send template with new SCEP URL
+    end
+```
+
+## How a Device Enrolls (Step-by-step)
+
+### Step 1: Certificate Template Delivery
+
+When Fleet sends a certificate template to a device:
+
+```go
+// Generate one-time Fleet challenge
+fleetChallenge, err := ds.NewChallenge(ctx)
+
+// Build SCEP proxy URL with Fleet challenge embedded
+proxyURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s/mdm/scep/proxy/%s",
+    appConfig.MDMUrl(),
+    url.PathEscape(fmt.Sprintf("%s,%s,%s,%s", hostUUID, templateID, caName, fleetChallenge)))
+
+// Static challenge is substituted via $FLEET_VAR_CUSTOM_SCEP_CHALLENGE_<CA_NAME>
+```
+
+The template contains:
+- SCEP URL: `https://fleet.example.com/mdm/scep/proxy/abc123,tmpl-456,MyCA,xyz789`
+- Challenge field: The static challenge from CA configuration
+
+### Step 2: Device Makes SCEP Requests
+
+The device makes 3 requests to the proxy URL:
+
+1. **GET ?operation=GetCACaps**
+   - Fleet validates the identifier (checks host/profile exist)
+   - Proxies to upstream CA
+   - Returns CA capabilities
+
+2. **GET ?operation=GetCACert**
+   - Fleet proxies to CA
+   - Returns CA certificate
+
+3. **POST ?operation=PKIOperation** (with encrypted CSR in body)
+   - Fleet validates and consumes the Fleet challenge via `ConsumeChallenge()`
+   - If valid, forwards CSR to CA (CA validates the static challenge inside the CSR)
+   - Returns signed certificate
+
+### Step 3: Challenge Validation
+
+For Custom SCEP:
+- Fleet challenge is one-time use, validated via `ConsumeChallenge(ctx, fleetChallenge)`
+- If the Fleet challenge was already used or doesn't exist, the request fails
+- Fleet calls `ResendHostCertificateProfile()` to requeue the profile with a fresh Fleet challenge
+
+### Step 4: Status Tracking
+
+- Profile must be in "pending" state to proceed
+- After successful certificate issuance, status updates to "verifying"
+- If Fleet challenge validation fails, profile is requeued (status set to NULL)
diff --git a/server/mock/datastore_mock.go b/server/mock/datastore_mock.go
index e11095b1e9..048b1cc0b5 100644
--- a/server/mock/datastore_mock.go
+++ b/server/mock/datastore_mock.go
@@ -1655,6 +1655,8 @@ type ListAndroidHostUUIDsWithDeliverableCertificateTemplatesFunc func(ctx contex
 
 type ListCertificateTemplatesForHostsFunc func(ctx context.Context, hostUUIDs []string) ([]fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error)
 
+type GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc func(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error)
+
 type BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplatesFunc func(ctx context.Context, hostCertTemplates []fleet.HostCertificateTemplate) error
 
 type GetCurrentTimeFunc func(ctx context.Context) (time.Time, error)
@@ -4110,6 +4112,9 @@ type DataStore struct {
 	ListCertificateTemplatesForHostsFunc        ListCertificateTemplatesForHostsFunc
 	ListCertificateTemplatesForHostsFuncInvoked bool
 
+	GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc        GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc
+	GetCertificateTemplateForHostFuncInvoked bool
+
 	BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplatesFunc        BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplatesFunc
 	BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplatesFuncInvoked bool
 
@@ -9834,6 +9839,13 @@ func (s *DataStore) ListCertificateTemplatesForHosts(ctx context.Context, hostUU
 	return s.ListCertificateTemplatesForHostsFunc(ctx, hostUUIDs)
 }
 
+func (s *DataStore) GetCertificateTemplateForHost(ctx context.Context, hostUUID string, certificateTemplateID uint) (*fleet.CertificateTemplateForHost, error) {
+	s.mu.Lock()
+	s.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFuncInvoked = true
+	s.mu.Unlock()
+	return s.GetCertificateTemplateForHostFunc(ctx, hostUUID, certificateTemplateID)
+}
+
 func (s *DataStore) BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplates(ctx context.Context, hostCertTemplates []fleet.HostCertificateTemplate) error {
 	s.mu.Lock()
 	s.BulkInsertHostCertificateTemplatesFuncInvoked = true
diff --git a/server/service/integration_mdm_test.go b/server/service/integration_mdm_test.go
index ac585b794b..eb07d52ad5 100644
--- a/server/service/integration_mdm_test.go
+++ b/server/service/integration_mdm_test.go
@@ -16240,7 +16240,7 @@ func (s *integrationMDMTestSuite) TestCustomSCEPIntegration() {
 	// Invalid profile identifier
 	scepRes := s.DoRawWithHeaders("GET", apple_mdm.SCEPProxyPath+"invalid_identifier,p1234-uuid", nil, http.StatusBadRequest, nil, "operation", "GetCACaps")
 	scepResErr := extractServerErrorText(scepRes.Body)
-	require.Contains(t, scepResErr, "invalid profile UUID (only Apple and Windows")
+	require.Contains(t, scepResErr, "invalid profile UUID (only Apple, Windows, and Android")
 
 	// Verify Windows profiles is allowed (with dummy values that will fail lookup)
 	scepRes = s.DoRawWithHeaders("GET", apple_mdm.SCEPProxyPath+"invalid_identifier,w1234-uuid", nil, http.StatusBadRequest, nil, "operation", "GetCACaps")